> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://alham-rizvi.gitbook.io/alhamrizvi/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://alham-rizvi.gitbook.io/alhamrizvi/cryptography/hashing/57.-hash-types.md).

# 57. Hash Types Reference Table

## Standard Hash Functions

| Algorithm  | Output (bits) | Output (hex chars) | Speed     | Secure?  | CTF Prevalence |
| ---------- | ------------- | ------------------ | --------- | -------- | -------------- |
| MD5        | 128           | 32                 | Very fast | ❌ No     | ★★★★★          |
| SHA-1      | 160           | 40                 | Fast      | ❌ No     | ★★★★☆          |
| SHA-224    | 224           | 56                 | Fast      | ✅ Yes    | ★★☆☆☆          |
| SHA-256    | 256           | 64                 | Fast      | ✅ Yes    | ★★★★☆          |
| SHA-384    | 384           | 96                 | Fast      | ✅ Yes    | ★★☆☆☆          |
| SHA-512    | 512           | 128                | Fast      | ✅ Yes    | ★★★☆☆          |
| SHA3-256   | 256           | 64                 | Fast      | ✅ Yes    | ★★☆☆☆          |
| SHA3-512   | 512           | 128                | Fast      | ✅ Yes    | ★★☆☆☆          |
| RIPEMD-160 | 160           | 40                 | Medium    | ⚠️ Aging | ★★☆☆☆          |
| Whirlpool  | 512           | 128                | Medium    | ✅ Yes    | ★☆☆☆☆          |

## Password Hashing Functions (Slow by Design)

| Algorithm     | Prefix     | Hashcat Mode | Notes                             |
| ------------- | ---------- | ------------ | --------------------------------- |
| bcrypt        | `$2a/b/y$` | 3200         | Adaptive cost; very hard to crack |
| scrypt        | `$7$`      | 8900         | Memory-hard                       |
| Argon2i/d/id  | `$argon2`  | 13722+       | Winner of PHC; modern standard    |
| PBKDF2-SHA256 | varies     | 10900        | Common in Django, iOS             |
| md5crypt      | `$1$`      | 500          | Old Unix                          |
| sha256crypt   | `$5$`      | 7400         | Linux shadow                      |
| sha512crypt   | `$6$`      | 1800         | Linux shadow (default)            |

## Windows / Active Directory

| Algorithm | Length | Hashcat Mode | Notes                                      |
| --------- | ------ | ------------ | ------------------------------------------ |
| LM        | 32     | 3000         | Legacy; case-insensitive; split at 7 chars |
| NTLM      | 32     | 1000         | Current Windows default                    |
| NetNTLMv1 | varies | 5500         | Challenge-response (network)               |
| NetNTLMv2 | varies | 5600         | Stronger challenge-response                |

## Database / Application Hashes

| Algorithm       | Context      | Hashcat Mode |
| --------------- | ------------ | ------------ |
| MySQL3/4        | MySQL < 4.1  | 200          |
| MySQL5          | MySQL 4.1+   | 300          |
| MSSQL 2000      | SQL Server   | 131          |
| MSSQL 2005      | SQL Server   | 132          |
| Oracle H: Type  | Oracle DB    | 3100         |
| MD5 (WordPress) | `$P$` prefix | 400          |
| MD5 (phpBB3)    | `$H$` prefix | 400          |

## MAC Functions

| Algorithm    | Output (bits) | Vulnerable to Length Extension? |
| ------------ | ------------- | ------------------------------- |
| HMAC-MD5     | 128           | ❌ No (HMAC construction)        |
| HMAC-SHA1    | 160           | ❌ No                            |
| HMAC-SHA256  | 256           | ❌ No                            |
| MD5(k\|\|m)  | 128           | ✅ YES — attack possible         |
| SHA1(k\|\|m) | 160           | ✅ YES — attack possible         |


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